特约专稿：丘陵山地农业装备与坡地作业关键技术研究综述——孙景彬 等

DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2023.05.001。

摘要：丘陵山区先进适用的农机装备研发是国内农机装备研究的热点与难点问题之一。目前，我国丘陵山区农业生产存在“无机可用，无好机用”的现实问题，先进适用的丘陵山地农机装备(简称山地农业装备)研发缺乏必要的理论支撑。本文重点综述了国内外山地农业装备，尤其是山地拖拉机及山地农机调平技术、山地拖拉机驱动与动力系统、山地农机具及其作业性能的研究现状，阐述了农机土壤压实与坡地土壤耕作侵蚀的研究进展，总结归纳了山地农机设计及山地农机-土壤互作机理研究的计算机辅助方法。展望丘陵山地农机装备及坡地作业技术的研究重点及发展方向：山地农机-坡地土壤-作物(养分)互作机理研究;山地农机总体设计与农艺及坡地作业场景深度融合;山地农机姿态调平机构与控制策略;山地农机动力高效传递与灵便转向驱动;山地农机作业机组的智能化监测与精确自主导航。以期为我国丘陵山区农机装备的研发设计提供借鉴参考。

研究回顾了国内外农业机械及坡地作业关键技术的研究现状。

Abstract:The researchanddevelopment ofadvancedagricultural machineryequipment inhillyandmountainous areasis acomplex anddifficult challengein thefield ofagriculturalmachinery equipmentinChina.Currently, theagriculturalproductionin theseareas facespractical problemssuch as“no available machinery, no goodmachinery”and thelack ofsuitable researchanddevelopment(R&D)in advancedtechnologies. Theresearch statusofhillsideagricultural machineryequipment bothat homeandabroad,especially interms ofhillsidetractor, hasbeenanalyzed. Thetechnologiesofleveling,driving,and powersystems,as wellas thedesign andoperation ofmachinery andtools,have beensummarized. Theanalysis ofthe researchanddevelopment ofagriculturalmachinery interms ofsoilcompaction andsoiltillageerosion inslopeoperation hasalso beenconducted.The advancedcomputer-aidedmethods forthe designofhillsideagricultural machineryand thestudy ofitsinteraction withthe soilhave alsobeensummarized.Finally,the focusand directionof futureresearch inagriculturalmachinery equipmentandslope operationtechnologyinhilly andmountainousareas havebeenproposed. Theseinclude theinteractionbetweenagricultural machineryand thesoil andcrop(nutrient)and theintegrationof theoverall designofhillsideagricultural machinerywithagronomyand theslopeoperationscene.Additionally,efficient andreliable attitudeadjustmentmechanismsand controlstrategieshave beenproposed forhillsidemachinery,as wellas efficienttransmissionand easysteeringdrives.Intelligentmonitoring andaccurateautonomousnavigation havealso beenproposed formountain farmmachineryoperation. Thisreview providesa referencefor theefficient andhigh-qualityproduction ofagricultureinhilly andmountainousareas.

Keywords: hillsandmountains,agricultural machineryequipment,hillsidetractor,slopeoperation, preciseautonomousnavigation.

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